A Un Dios Desconocido (1978)

Most of this film is the contemporary memoir of a middle-aged homosexual magician named José (Héctor Alterio). It opens in Granada in 1936 when José as a small boy is seduced by an older boy who is living in the elegant old house where poet Garcia Lorca is murdered. Fast forward. José is an actor and magician, a discreet homosexual who lives alone and has an occasional affair with Miguel (Xabier Elorriaga), a young politician who finds it more convenient in Madrid's high society to marry than assert his homosexuality. José is a man romantically possessed and obsessed by his childhood in Granada during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in the spring of 1936.

Now in his 50s, José returns to Granada and relives his childhood there. He recalls the time when he fell in love with Garcia Lorca and had an affair with one of Lorca's own lovers. Memories come flooding back to him, of youthful sexual conquest, of Lorca's murder at the hands of Francos' agents, and his own early homosexual affairs. José's entire life is colored by his obsessions with Garcia Lorca, his unknown God, to whom the film is dedicated.

José travels twice to Granada. First, he revisits a woman who is also obsessed with Garcia Lorca's memory, and steals a photograph of the boy with whom he had his first sexual encounter. Later, José returns to Madrid to a party in search of his youth, and meets a pianist with whom he had sexual relations many years before but now does not remember. In Madrid, he is a man tormented by his past and in search of peace. Listening to a taped recording of Garcia Lorca's famous "Ode to Walt Whitman", he desires nothing more than to face the rest of his life in loneliness, although his recent lover, Miguel has returned to his bed and wants to continue their affair. José realizes that he is really all alone in their world, alone with his God.

This film is a complex memoir about an aging man coming to terms with his homosexuality and mortality. It was a pioneer in its frank and mature examination of homosexuality. In fact, it astonished some European critics for its candid, unhysterical treatment of homosexuality, but the movie seems self-interested, even arrogant. It's lovely to look at, highly cultivated and poised, but very difficult to get to know. A handsome, densely packed, evocative movie, it makes a lot of demands on anyone who views it and it has to be prepared for.

The film is full of secret signs and mysterious associations. Over it all hangs the ghost of Federico Garcia Lorca (1898-1936), the Spanish poet, playwright, and political activist who was murdered in 1936 by the Falangists who hated his homosexuality as much as his left-wing politics. Luis de Pablo composed the music. The screenplay was written by Elias Querejeta and Jaime Chavarri based on a script by Francisco J. Lucio. Jaime Chavarri directed. In Spanish with English subtitiles. For some reason subtitles are missing in two key sequences in which José plays a tape of himself speaking Garcia Lorca's poetry. Possibly the director thought it would be a sacrilege to translate the poet's lines as mere subtitles. The English title is "To an Unknown God".

Schatten der Engel (1976)

Lily Brest (Ingrid Craven) is a beautiful, consumptive streetwalker with few clients, who are intimidated by her beauty. She loves her sadistic gay pimp Raoul (Rainer Werner Fassbinder) who gambles away what little she earns. Lily is so depressed that she strangles a kitten, and the pimp is so glum that when Lily returns home, she finds him lying on the floor playing with the kitten's corpse. Tired of her lonely life, she looks for a way out. Even that act serves the local corrupt powers. Then, after one special encounter, she begins talking to them, rather than sleeping with them--and becomes very successful.

The town's power broker, the "Rich Jew" real-estate speculator (Klaus Löwitsch), discovers she is a good listener, so she's soon busy. Raoul imagines grotesque sex scenes between Lily and the Jew, then he leaves her for a male lover. Her parents, bitter ex-Nazi father Herr Müller (Adrian Hoven) a cabaret singer in drag and her wheelchair-bound mother Luise (Annemarie Düringer), offer no refuge. Even though all have a philosophical bent, the other whores reject Lily because she tolerates everyone, including men. However, Lily ultimately realizes that there's a high price to pay for being privy to the dark secrets of others. She learns that Raoul has been gravely wounded in a barroom brawl. "He'll live," Lily's father assures her. "Does he want to?" Lily inquires. She and Raoul are caught up in an emotional hurricane which results in their deaths.

This is the film version of Rainer Werner Fassbinder's suicidally grim stage play, "Der Müll, die Stadt und der Tod" ("The Garbage, the City and Death"). The anguish and suffering of a trio of outcasts is shown in the movie, based on Fassbinder's controversial and possibly anti-Semitic play. Unfortunately, the sardonically stereotypical characters are basically flat, and the film is quite stagebound with actors staring into the distance as they recite the aphorisms that constitute Fassbinder's dialogue. Some examples: "Where there is no contempt, there is no love." "Ugly persons despise the sweat on beauty's forehead." "When no one sings, silence reigns." "The thought of death makes me smile. What else can one do?"

Controversy surrounded the Jewish businessman, who is always referred to as "the Rich Jew". Ultimately, the story is more concerned with the outsider status of this businessman and the prostitute he hires to listen to him and occasionally perform in a mock wedding ceremony. Both find themselves out of place in an environment dominated by prostitutes, pimps, corrupt policemen, and perverse businessmen. Gottfried Hüngsberg and Peer Raben composed the music score. Daniel Schmid and Rainer Werner Fassbinder wrote the screenplay. Daniel Schmid directed. This Swiss/German production is in German with English subtitles. The English title is "Shadow of Angels".

Los Placeres Ocultos (1977)

Eduardo (Simón Andreu) is a middle-aged successful banker and closeted homosexual who falls for Miguel (Tony Fuentes) a poor handsome 18 year-old Spanish boy who's heterosexual. Eduardo brings Miguel into his life although the physical attraction is only one way. Miguel is accepting of the situation and Eduardo manages to get himself involved in his life through a series of manipulative moves. The boy is thankful for his new job and motorcycle, but once he realizes the gifts are an attempt to get inside his pants, the friendship is brought to a halt--that is until some "fag-bashers" rob the banker and Miguel realizes that he cares. The two then agree to a Platonic, father and son-like relationship, which proves beneficial to all involved. Miguel even brings his hot tempered girlfriend into the arrangement. Local gossip and prejudice make it a bit hard to maintain, though. The three seem to be working it out when the realities of the outside world intrude. It's tragic with devastating consequences for the young man.

This complex updating of "Death in Venice" was the first gay film to be released in post-Franco Spain. It's a compelling drama, an intelligent and insightful look at cross-generational love and a doomed relationship. Director Eloy de la Iglesia links sexual power to financial power by implying that Eduardo’s influence as a bank manager allows him to corrupt boys. There is also a Marxist sentiment when Miguel tells an activist that he won’t let anyone take advantage of him, and the activist responds that he basically has more things to worry about than the gays: “Maybe you’ve been selling more important things and don’t even know it.” Carmelo A. Bernaola composed the music score, and the screenplay was written by director Eloy de la Iglesia and Rafael Sánchez Campoy. In Spanish with no subtitles. The English title is ”Hidden Pleasures”.

Echte Kerle (1996)

Christoph Schwenk (Christoph M. Ohrt) is a macho homophobic plainclothes police detective in Frankfurt who does stakeouts spying on criminals with his partners Mike (Oliver Stokowski) and Helen (Carin C. Tietze). One night Christoph finds his fiancée with another lover, a bodybuilder. He loses her, along with all of his belongings, and his home, and is thrown out of their apartment. After a massive car wreck, he gets very drunk in a gay bar and wakes up in the morning in the bed of the cute and naked Edgar (Tim Bergmann), a gay auto mechanic. The big question that torments Christoph is did he or didn't he. Confused at what led him to Edgar's bed and what he may have done, the straight but homeless Christoph takes up Edgar’s offer and moves in with him.

Edgar deals in stolen cars, and Christoph is not pleased that Edgar has fallen in love with him. Working with the beautiful, self-confident Helen, but living with a gay guy makes him uncertain about his sexuality and his job as a cop. Helen is also attracted to him. But rumors fly at the office because he has been seen with the gay car-dealer. The best scene in the movie takes place at the police station, when two other officers try to out Christoph as gay. He answers, "In this funhouse where one is beating his wife, the next one is blackmailing thieves, and the third is having sex with illegal immigrant girls. In this funhouse, I will play the gay one from now on." Edgar's weekend lover Marco (Andreas Pietschmann) causes Christoph to question his surprising jealousy. The three police officers become friendly with Edgar and Marco and when it seems they may be involved in the car theft ring under stakeout, they each find it easier to look the other way and support each other.

Though Edgar's mother expresses the motto of the film ("These days, everything is possible isn't it?"), the end is not a happy one for gay viewers hoping that Christoph will fall in love with Edgar. On the contrary, the sudden ending pairs off the various members of this story in a warm and funny way in a manner some may find predictable. Christoph gets Helen, and Edgar goes off with a guy who had been only a minor character in the film.

This lively romantic comedy of sexual errors is witty, funny, light, entertaining, insightful, well-paced, and features good acting with a message. It's filled with humor and sensitivity, is slickly creative, and the characters are not stereotypes. Peter W. Schmitt composed the music score. The screenplay was written by Rudolf Bergmann and Rolf Silber, who also directed. In German with English subtitles. The English title is "Regular Guys".

Նռան գույնը (1968)

One of the greatest masterpieces of the 20th century, Sergei Parajanov's "Nran Guyne" is a biography of the Armenian poet and troubadour Aratiun Sajadian (1712-1795), known as Sayat Nova (the "King of Song"). The film reveals his life more through his poetry than a conventional narration of important events in his life. We see the poet grow up, fall in love, enter a monastery and die. But his rise from carpet weaver to archbishop and martyr is depicted in the context of images from Parajanov's imagination and Sayat Nova's poems, poems that are seen and rarely heard. Sofiko Chiaureli plays 6 roles, both male and female, and Sergei Parajanov wrote, directed, edited, choreographed, worked on costumes, design and decor, and virtually every aspect of this revolutionary work with no dialogue or camera movement. The film relies very little on a storyline, plot, drama, or acting.

Quotes from the film (mostly from Sayat Nova's poetry):

* "I am the man whose life and soul are torture."
* "From the colors and aromas of this world, my childhood made a poet's lyre and offered it to me."
* "We were searching for ourselves in each other."

Parajanov said his inspiration was "the Armenian illuminated miniatures. I wanted to create that inner dynamic that comes from inside the picture, the forms and the dramaturgy of color." He also said, "It wasn't the established canons of the fate of the poet-conflict with the tsar, conflict at court, the banishing of the poet from the palace, worldly life, the monastery--these were not the point of my scenario, but the colors, the accessories, the details of daily life that accompanied the poetry, the art in life...The world that accompanied the poet." Once he made a speech in Minsk in which he asserted that the Armenian public very likely did not understand "Sayat Nova", but then said that people "are going to this picture as to a holiday."

This is an absolutely extraordinary film, especially considering the conditions under which Paradjanov made it. Regarded as a masterpiece by Federico Fellini, Jean-Luc Godard, and Michelangelo Antonioni, it is a feast of color, human beauty, abstract design, and music. It was censored, refused an export license, and banned in the former USSR but made the Top 10 list in Cahiers du Cinéma in 1982 and Top 100 in Time Out. Is this a gay film? "Nran Guyne" pushed Soviet authorities to imprison Sergei Paradjanov for homosexuality. In 1974 he was convicted and sentenced to 6 years in a hard labor prison camp in the Ukraine. He admitted in court that he was "partially homosexual" and his crime was "homosexuality and illegal trafficking in religious icons". The VHS version of this film has much better video quality. The DVD seems to be from an old print that was left in the sun for the last 25 years. Tigran Mansuryan composed the music, and Sofiko Chiaureli provides the narration. The language is Armenian, and versions with English subtitles can be found with difficulty. The Armenian title is "Nran Guyne" (originally "Sayat Nova"), and the English title is "The Colour of Pomegranates" while the American title is "Red Pomegranates".

My Own Private Idaho (1991)

Mike Waters (River Phoenix) is a gay hustler standing alone on a deserted stretch of highway somewhere in Idaho. He starts talking to himself and notices that the road looks “like someone’s face, like a f**ked-up face.” He suffers from narcolepsy, experiences an episode and dreams of his mother comforting him as he replays home movies of his childhood in his mind. Mike wakes up to being fellated by a client. After his hotel encounter, he returns to his favorite spots to pick up potential clients. A wealthy older woman Alena (Grace Zabriskie) takes him to her mansion where he meets two fellow hustlers she also hired. One of them is Scott Favor (Keanu Reeves), Mike’s best friend. Mike is in love with Scott, who insists he is straight and his hustling on the streets is only temporary. While preparing to have sex with the woman, Mike experiences another narcoleptic fit and awakens the next day with Scott in Portland, Oregon.

Scott: I never thought I could be a real model, you know fashion-s**t, cause I'm better at full body stuff. It's okay so long as the photographer doesn't come on to you and expect something for no pay I'm trying to make a living, you know, and I like to be professional 'Course if the guy wants to pay me, then s**t-yeah. Here I am for him. I'll sell my ass, I do it on the street all the time for cash. And I'll be on the cover of a book. It's when you start doing things for free, that you start to grow wings. Isn't that right, Mike.
Mike: What?
Scott: Wings, Michael. You grow wings, and become a fairy.

Mike: (in a coffee shop) How'd we get home?
Scott: That German guy. Hans. He brought you downtown, you were passed out. He said he was heading to Portland, so I asked him for a ride.
Mike: For some reason I'm forgetting a German guy named Hans.
Scott: Well. You were sleeping.
Mike: How much do you make off me while I'm sleeping?
Scott: Just a ride, Mike. I don't make anything. What, you think that I sell your body while you are asleep?
Mike: Yeah.
Scott: No, Mike. I'm on your side.

Mike and Scott are soon reunited with their mentor Bob Pigeon (William Richert), a middle-aged man and father figure to a gang of street kids and hustlers who live in an abandoned apartment building. Scott, the son of the mayor of Portland, admits to Bob in private that when he turns 21, he will inherit his father’s fortune and reject the street hustler lifestyle. Mike yearns to find his mother and he and Scott leave Portland for Idaho to visit Mike’s older brother Richard (James Russo), who lives in an old trailer. Richard tries to tell Mike who his real father is but Mike says that he knows it is Richard. He tells Mike that their mother works as a hotel maid and when Mike and Scott visit the hotel they find out that she went to Italy to find her own family.

Bob: Scott. When you inherit your fortune, on your twenty-first birthday, let's see... how far away is this?
Scott: One week away, Bob, just one more week.
Bob: Let's not call ourselves robbers, but Diana's foresters. Gentlemen of the shade. Minions of the Moon. Men of good government.
Scott: When I turn twenty-one, I don't want any more of this life. My mother and father will be surprised at the incredible change. It will impress them more when such a f**k-up like me turns good than if I had been a good son all along. All the past years I will think of as one big vacation. At least it wasn't as boring as schoolwork. All my bad behavior I'm going to throw away to pay my debt. I will change when everybody expects it the least.

Richard: That guy. He was your real dad, Mike.
Mike: Don't f**k me in the head anymore man! I know the f**king truth! I know who my f**king real dad is!
Richard: Who?... Who?
Mike: Dick, you. Richard, you're my dad. I know that.
Richard: You know too much.

Mike: What do I mean to you?
Scott: What do you mean to me? Mike, you're my best friend.
Mike: I know, man, I know... I know... I know I'm your friend. We're good friends, and that's good to be, you know, good friends. That's a good thing.
Scott: So...
Mike: So I just...(pauses) That's okay. We're going to be friends.
Scott: I only have sex with a guy for money.
Mike: Yeah, I know, I mean...
Scott: And two guys can't love each other.
Mike: Yeah. Well, I don't know, I mean, I mean for me, I could love someone even if I, you know, wasn't paid for it. I love you, and... you don't pay me.
Scott: Mike...
Mike: I really wanna kiss you, man. (pauses) Well goodnight man. (pauses again) I love you, though. (pauses again) You know that. I do love you.
Scott: (moves some things out of his way) Alright, come here, Mike. (pats the ground) Let's just see. It could be fun. Just gonna see, come on.
(Mike moves over towards Scott and lowers his head. They presumably start to kiss)

In Italy, Mike and Scott find the country farmhouse where Mike’s mother worked as a maid and an English tutor. The young woman Carmella (Chiara Caselli) who lives there tells Mike that his mother returned to the US months ago. Carmella and Scott fall in love and return to the US leaving Mike to return home on his own. Back in Portland, Bob and his gang confront a newly reformed Scott at a posh restaurant but he rejects them. That night, Bob has a fatal heart attack. The next day, the hustlers hold a rowdy funeral for Bob while in the same cemetery, a few yards away, Scott attends a solemn funeral for his recently deceased father.

Mike is back on a deserted stretch of Idaho highway. He falls into another narcoleptic stupor and two strangers pull up in a truck, steal Mike’s belongings and drive away. Moments later, a car pulls up and a driver picks Mike up, places him in the vehicle and drives off.

(last lines)
Mike: I'm a connoisseur of roads. I've been tasting roads my whole life. This road will never end. It probably goes all around the world.

This melancholy film loosely based on Shakespeare's "Henry IV", Part 1, is a dreamlike, eerie, haunting, engaging, and often surreal masterpiece. The plot is loose, cinematography is lush, and River Phoenix gives one of the best performances of his tragically short career. It's a marvelous balancing act: the movie feels grungy and and as transcendent as poetry at the same time. There is a lot of vulgar language, nudity and simulated sex. Strangely, at no point the film is AIDS mentioned. The omission must be deliberate. It's not enough to assume that these guys practice safe-sex because Mike is seen carrying a condom at one point. Whatever the explanation, AIDS simply does not exist in MY OWN PRIVATE IDAHO.

Film critic Roger Ebert wrote, "The achievement of this film is that it wants to evoke that state of drifting need, and it does. There is no mechanical plot that has to grind to a Hollywood conclusion, and no contrived test for the heroes to pass." The origins of "My Own Private Idaho" come from John Rechy's 1963 novel "City of Night", which features characters who are street hustlers that do not admit to being gay.

The cast also includes: Rodney Harvey (Gary), Michael Parker (Digger), Jessie Thomas (Denise), Flea (Budd), Tom Troupe (Jack Favor), Udo Kier (Hans), Sally Curtice (Jane Lightwork), Robert Lee Pitchlynn (Walt), Mickey Cottrell (Daddy Carroll), Wade Evans (Wade), Matthew Ebert (Coverboy), Scott Patrick Green (Coverboy / Cafe Kid), Tom Cramer (Coverboy), Vana O'Brien (Sharon Waters), (Shaun Jordan (Cafe Kid), Shawn Jones (Cafe Kid), George Conner (Bad George), Oliver Kirk (Indian Cop), Stanley Hainsworth (Dirtman), Joshua Halladay (Baby Mike), Douglas Tollenen (Little Richard), Steven Clark Pachosa (Hotel Manager), Lannie Swerdlow (Disco Manager), Wally Gaarsland (Rock Promoter), Brian Wilson (Rock Promoter), Mark Weaver (Rock Promoter), Conrad "Bud" Montgomery (Rock Promoter), Pat Patterson (Cop), Steve Vernelson (Cop), Mike Cascadden (Cop), Eric Hull (Mayor's Aide), James A. Arling (Minister), James Caviezel (Airline Clerk), Ana Cavinato (Stewardess), Melanie Mosely (Lounge Hostess), Greg Murphy (Carl), David Reppinhagen (Yuppie at Jake's), Tiger Warren (Himself), Massimo Di Cataldo (Italian Street Boy), Pao Pei Andreoli (Italian Street Boy), Robert Egon (Italian Street Boy), Paolo Baiocco (Italian Street Boy), Mario Stracciarolo (Mike's Italian Client), Heather J. Braden (Yuppie at Jakes), Kirsten Kuppenbender (Portland Street Girl), Jesse Merz (Mean Kid #2), Tom Peterson, Eli Swenson (Street Hustler), and Gus Van Sant (Man behind hotel counter). Bill Stafford composed the incidental music. Gus Van Sant wrote the screenplay derived from William Shakespeare's stage play "Henry IV". He wrote the original screenplay in the 1970s when he was living in Hollywood. Directed by Gus Van Sant.

This milestone independent film is now available on DVD from the Criterion Collection. It includes a two-hour interview with Van Sant (audio only), a new making-of retrospective, interviews galore, deleted scenes, and an impressive booklet with essays and printed interviews.

Connie and Carla (2004)

Connie (Nia Vardalos) and Carla (Toni Collette) are lifelong friends who share an obsession with musical theatre, but their careers are at a dead end. Despite this they continue performing with optimism, hosting a variety act at an airport lounge. After accidentally witnessing a mafia hit in Chicago, they go on the run, landing in LA. Initially working at a beauty salon, they wind up posing as drag queens and auditioning to host a drag review at a gay club.

Because they sing their own songs, rare for drag queens, they are hired, and their show becomes a hit. First it is called "What a Drag" then named "Connie and Carla and the Belles of the Balls" after they add a few friends to the act. Things are going smoothly and they vow not to let men interfere with their life. This creates a conflict when Connie falls for Jeff (Duchovny), the straight brother of Robert (Stephen Spinella), one of their drag queen friends. As the show gets bigger, they convince the club owner to convert it into a full dinner theater, and eventually their popularity threatens to expose them.

On the official opening night of the dinner theater, the mob killers catch up with them, but with the help of their drag queen friends, and to great applause from the audience (who think it is part of their act), Connie and Carla take them down. They confess their real identities to the audience and are accepted for who they are. Connie reveals herself to Jeff, who arrives after the chaos. He accepts her and becomes her lover.

This movie was filmed in Vancouver, Canada and features a number of local drag queens. The plot is unoriginal, but the lines and delivery are great--although some of the dialogue is saccharine. It has a well-written script with many very funny moments and touching scenes. It's fairly predictable, but enjoyable fun, warm, and very watchable. Randy Edelman composed the music score, Nia Vardalos wrote the screenplay, and Michael Lembeck directed.

Clueless (1995)

Cher Horowitz (Alicia Silverstone) is an attractive, popular, and rich 16 year-old who is at the top of the high school social scene and is happy and self-assured in her fashion-obsessed world. She lives in a Beverly Hills mansion with her father Mel (Dan Hedaya), a ferocious $500-an-hour litigator. Her mother is long dead, having succumbed to complications while undergoing liposuction. Cher's best friend is Dionne (Stacey Dash), who is also rich, pretty, and hip, and understands what it's like to be envied. Among the few people to find much fault with Cher is Josh (Paul Rudd), her intellectual ex-stepbrother who visits during a break from college. Josh and Cher argue continually but without malice. She refers to him as "granola breath" and mocks his altruistic idealism, while he teases her for being selfish, vain, and superficial, and says her only direction in life is "toward the mall".

This makes Cher want to prove that she has a social conscience. First, she plays matchmaker for two lonely, nerdy, hard-grading teachers, Mr. Wendell Hall (Wallace Shawn) and Miss Toby Geist (Twink Caplan). She achieves her original goal of making them relax their grading standards so she can renegotiate a bad report card. But when she sees their new-found happiness she realizes she likes doing good deeds. Cher now decides that the ultimate way she can give back to the community would be to "adopt" a "tragically unhip" new girl at school, Tai Frasier (Brittany Murphy). Cher and Dionne give Tai a makeover and make her popular. Cher also tries to extinguish the strong mutual attraction between Tai and Travis (Breckin Meyer), an amiable skateboarding slacker, and to steer her toward Elton (Jeremy Sisto), a rich snob.

Her second matchmaking scheme backfires when Elton rejects Tai and makes a play for Cher. Matters worsen, however, when Cher's "project" works a bit too well and Tai's popularity begins to surpass Cher's, especially after Tai has a "near-death" adventure at the mall that helps to skyrocket her to fame at school. Other classmates, including Dionne and Cher's longtime rival classmate Amber (Elisa Donovan), soon gravitate toward Tai, and Cher finds herself demoted from queen to princess at high school. Meanwhile, Cher has a couple of romantic problems with boys at school. The first involves Elton, and the next is Christian (Justin Walker), a handsome classmate with great fashion sense who turns out to be gay. Cher naively and repeatedly fails to understand Christian's hints that he is gay, and tries unsuccessfully to seduce him while they are alone one night watching "Spartacus". The next day, Dionne's boyfriend Murray (Donald Faison), roaring with laughter, makes her mistake clear to her at last.

Events reach a crisis after Cher fails her driver's test and can't "renegotiate" the result. When Cher goes home, crushed, Tai confides that she's taken a fancy to Josh and wants Cher to help her get him. Cher says she doesn't think Josh is right for her, and they quarrel. Cher, left all alone, begins to think she has created a monster in her own image. Feeling "totally clueless", she reflects on her priorities and her repeated failures to understand or appreciate the people in her life. Most of all, she keeps thinking about Josh and Tai, and wonders why she cares so much.

After much soul-searching and a shopping spree to many Beverly Hills boutiques, Cher falls in love with Josh. She begins making awkward but sincere efforts to live a more useful life, even captaining the school's Pismo Beach disaster relief effort. A scene near the end of the film finds Cher and Josh stumbling over how to admit their mutual feelings for each other, finally culminating in a tender kiss on the steps of her father's mansion. The film has a happy ending. Cher's two nerdy teachers at school get married, her friendships with Tai and Dionne are reaffirmed, and Tai and Travis are in love. And Cher, in Josh's arms, has found love and meaning in her life.

This smart, funny, sweet, romantic, and hip movie is a classic teenage film. There is no gross-out humor or slapstick, and in many ways it defines the generation it portrays. It spun off a TV show and a series of books. An update of Jane Austen's 1816 novel "Emma", it's gently satirical, with a big heart, bright colours, and intentionally funny product placements. David Kitay composed the music score, and Amy Heckerling ("Fast Times at Ridgemont High") scripted and directed.

Le Placard (2001)

François Pignon (Daniel Auteuil) is a divorced man who lives a very bland life with his 17 year-old son Franck (Stanislas Crevillén) who ignores him. When he learns he is going to be fired from his job as an accountant in a rubber factory, he contemplates suicide, but his neighbor Jean-Pierre Belone (Michel Aumont), a former psychologist prevents him from jumping from his balcony and suggests a way to keep his position. He proposes to start a rumor Pignon is homosexual by inserting his image in sexually provocative snapshots of a gay couple in a bar and anonymously mailing them to his boss. Because the factory's primary product is condoms, the gay community's support is essential, and his boss M. Kopel (Jean Rochefort) will be forced to keep Pignon on the payroll in order to be politically correct.

Pignon does not change his usual mild and self-effacing behavior and mannerisms in any way as part of his masquerade, but because his supervisors and co-workers begin to regard him in a new light, seeing him as exotic rather than dull, his life becomes unexpectedly and dramatically better. Félix Santini (Gérard Depardieu), a homophobic co-worker who used to harass him, is warned he could be fired for discrimination if he continues to belittle Pignon, so he becomes friendly.

The company enters a float in a local gay pride parade, and Pignon must ride on it. His divorced wife and son see him when the event is televised. The son is happy to learn his father, whom he always considered boring, has a wilder side, and expresses an interest in spending more time with him. His suspicious ex-wife Christine (Alexandra Vandernoot) invites Pignon to dinner and demands an explanation. He has by this point gained enough self-confidence to tell her exactly what he thinks of her.

Meanwhile, Santini's charade of friendship has developed into an obsessive attraction. His wife suspects him of having an affair when she finds a receipt for an expensive pink cashmere sweater, and leaves him when he buys Pignon chocolates. After this, Santini invites Pignon to move in with him. But when Pignon turns him down, Santini snaps, a fight ensues, and Santini is institutionalized to recover from his emotional breakdown. Eventually, Pignon's ruse is discovered when Kopel catches him making love in the office to co-worker Mme. Bertrand (Michèle Laroque). However, he has become so assertive he retains his position, relates to his son, patches up his relationship with Santini, and lives happily ever after.

This is an uplifting comedy about prejudice and how a Mr. Nobody becomes a somebody. It's light-hearted, not politically correct, old-fashioned, charming, delightful, and funny. Film critic Roger Ebert wrote: "The movie passes the time pleasantly and has a few good laughs ... But the screenplay relies too much on the first level of its premise and doesn't push into unexpected places. Once we get the setup, we can more or less anticipate the sitcom payoff, and there aren't the kinds of surprises, reversals and explosions of slapstick that made La Cage aux Folles so funny." Stephen Holden of the New York Times called it "giddy social comedy" and "a classic French farce" and added, "What's so liberating about The Closet is its refusal to walk on politically correct eggshells. The target of its blunt lusty humor is as much exaggerated political correctness and the panic it can engender as it is bigotry." Vladimir Cosma composed the music score. Francis Veber, who did La Cage aux Folles, wrote the screenplay and directed. In French with English subtitles. The English title is "The Closet".

And the Band Played On (1993)

This is the story of the discovery of the AIDS virus, from 1978 when numerous gays began dying from unknown causes, to the identification of the HIV virus. To reduce this to a reasonable-length feature, HBO pictures and writer Aaron Spelling devised a way of making it interesting for the small TV screen. They decided to follow the career of Dr. Don Francis, of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, and his team as they worked to uncover the mystery of the disease, and then had to fight to get public and official recognition of the problem.

In the prologue set in 1976, American epidemiologist Dr. Don Francis (Matthew Modine) arrives in a village on the banks of the Ebola River in the Congo and discovers many of the residents and the doctor working with them have died from a mysterious illness later identified as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is his first exposure to such an epidemic, and the images of the dead he helps cremate haunt him when he becomes involved with AIDS research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

In 1981, Francis becomes aware of a growing number of deaths from unexplained causes among gay men in Los Angeles, NYC, and San Francisco, and begins an investigation of the possible causes. Working with no money, limited space, and outdated equipment, he comes in contact with politicians and many members of the medical community--many of whom resent his involvement because of their personal agendas--and gay leaders, some of whom support him, while others resent what they see as interference in their lifestyles, especially his attempts to close the local bathhouses. While Francis pursues his theory that AIDS is caused by a sexually transmitted virus, he finds his efforts are stonewalled by the CDC, which is reluctant to prove the disease is transmitted through blood, and competing scientists who squabble about who should receive credit for discovering the virus. Meanwhile, the death toll climbs rapidly. The film ends with a montage of video clips and stills of prominent people who have died of AIDS.

This excellent and compelling made-for-TV film docudrama is notable for the number of big names that turned out for mostly small parts: Alan Alda, Lily Tomlin, Phil Collins, Richard Gere, Steve Martin, Anjelica Huston, and Ian McKellen. Many actors lent their support to this project as a public service, accepting only minimum union fees or no payment at all. The premiere was in Washington, D.C. before an audience which included members of Congress and government and industry leaders. Arnold Schulman adapted the teleplay from journalist Randy Shilts' best-selling 1987 book of the same title. Carter Burwell composed the music score, and Roger Spottiswoode directed.